Protected drill

ABSTRACT

A protected drill is disclosed. The drill may include a housing, and a drill bit disposed at a distal end of the drill. The drill may have a rotatable drive shaft that is configured for coupling to a driver and a main shaft portion extending in a longitudinal direction through the housing. The drill may further include an angled tip portion disposed at a distal end of the drill, and the angled tip portion may be angled with respect to the longitudinal direction and define a drilling axis of the drill bit. The drill may further include a mechanism configured to transfer a rotational force applied to drive shaft through the angled tip portion to the drill bit. The drill may further include a sleeve configured to protect adjacent structures from lateral edges of the drill bit when the drill bit is rotating.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/123,906, titled Screwdriver and Complimentary Screws, filed Dec. 16, 2020, which claims priority to and incorporates by reference co-related patent applications, PCT/FR2020/000257, titled Expandable Inter-Body Device, System, and Method, filed Nov. 5, 2020 and having an attorney docket number of A0004349EP01; PCT/FR2020/000259, titled Screwdriver and Complimentary Screws, filed Nov. 5, 2020 and having an attorney docket number of A0004831EP01; and PCT/FR2020/000258, titled Expandable Inter-Body Device, System, and Method, filed Nov. 5, 2020 and having an attorney docket number of A0004039EP01. The contents of each are hereby incorporated in their entireties. Additionally, this application incorporates by reference the entire contents of U.S. Pat. No. 10,456,122, titled Surgical system including powered rotary-type handpiece, filed Mar. 13, 2013.

FIELD

The present technology is generally related to a drill having a protected end for protecting patient tissue from a drill bit.

BACKGROUND

The installation and insertion of bone screws in a patient poses many risks. At least one risk is the pre-operative step of drilling a passageway for a bone screw safely within a surgical opening of a patient, for example. Conventional drills may have sharp edges and a cutting tip that can cause accidental injuries to a patient. For example, in operation, an edge of a drill bit may catch an adjacent surface or “walk” away from an intended drill site and damage adjacent soft tissues. These problems may occur in all surgical settings requiring a drill although are particularly problematic in mini open surgeries and other minimally invasive surgical techniques, for example.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, a drill is disclosed. The drill may extend from a distal end to a proximal end and include a housing extending in a longitudinal direction, for example. The drill may have a rotatable drive shaft including a first drive end disposed at the proximal end of the drill that is configured for coupling to a driver, for example. The rotatable drive shaft may have a main shaft portion extending in the longitudinal direction through the housing between the first drive end and a second drive end, for example. The drill may further include an angled tip region defining the distal end of the drill, and the angled tip portion may have a drill bit coupler configured to receive a drill bit and orient the drill bit in an angled direction with respect to the longitudinal direction thereby defining a drilling axis of the drill bit, for example. The drill may further include a mechanism configured to transfer a rotational force applied to the first drive end through the second drive end and angled tip region to the drill bit coupler, for example. The drill may further include a sleeve radially disposed at a distal end of the angled tip region and configured to radially surround at least a first portion of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a positioning handle coupled to and disposed at a medial portion of the housing, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides that the positioning handle may be angled with respect to the longitudinal direction and extend towards the proximal end of the drill, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides that the sleeve has a conically tapered shape, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides that the angled tip region may further include a compressible spring contacting the sleeve and configured to bias the sleeve in the angled direction, for example. The compressible spring may be configured to surround at least a second portion of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides that in various embodiments, in a first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, the sleeve and compressible spring are configured to surround lateral sidewalls of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides that in a second mode of operation, the compressible spring may be configured to compress in a direction parallel to the angled direction towards the mechanism, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides that in a second mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, the compressible spring may be configured to compress in a direction parallel to the drilling axis towards the mechanism thereby exposing a tip of the drill bit for drilling, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides that in the first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, the sleeve and compressible spring completely surround the lateral sidewalls of the drill, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides that in the first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, a distal most end of the sleeve extends beyond the distal most end of the drill bit.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a flushing hole adjacent the angled tip region and including a flushing path to the mechanism.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides that the mechanism is a geared mechanism, for example. The geared mechanism may further include a first group of teeth disposed proximate the second drive end and a second group of teeth meshed with the first group of teeth and extending in a direction parallel with respect to the angled tip portion, for example. In various embodiments, the first group of teeth are meshed with the second group of teeth to thereby transfer a rotational force applied at the first drive end to the drill bit coupler, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a manual hand driver configured to operably couple with the first drive end of the drive shaft, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a powered driver configured to operably couple with the first drive end of the drive shaft, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a drill extending from a distal end to a proximal end, for example. The drill may include a housing extending in a longitudinal direction and a rotatable drive shaft including a first drive end disposed at the proximal end of the drill that is configured for coupling to a driver, for example. The rotatable drive shaft may have a main shaft portion extending in the longitudinal direction through the housing between the first drive end and a second drive end, for example. The drill may include an angled tip region defining the distal end of the drill, and the angled tip region may include a drill bit coupler configured to receive a drill bit and orient the drill bit in an angled direction with respect to the longitudinal direction thereby defining a drilling axis of the drill bit, for example. The drill may include a mechanism configured to transfer a rotational force applied to the first drive end through the second drive end and drill bit coupler, and a sleeve radially disposed at a distal end of the angled tip region and configured to radially surround at least a first portion of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler, for example. In various embodiments, in a first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, the sleeve and compressible spring may be configured to surround lateral sidewalls of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler, for example. In various embodiments, in a second mode of operation, the compressible spring may be configured to compress in a direction parallel to the angled direction towards the mechanism thereby exposing a tip of the drill bit for drilling.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides that in the first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, the sleeve and compressible spring completely surround the lateral sidewalls of the drill, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure proves that in the first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, a distal most end of the sleeve extends beyond a distal most end of the drill bit, for example.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides that the drill may further include a flushing hole adjacent the angled tip region and including a flushing path to the mechanism.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides that the mechanism is a geared mechanism further including a first group of teeth disposed proximate the second drive end, and a second group of teeth meshed with the first group of teeth and extending in a direction parallel with respect to the angled tip portion, for example. In various embodiments, the first group of teeth are meshed with the second group of teeth to thereby transfer a rotational force applied at the first drive end to the drill bit coupler.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of operating a drill. The method may include providing a drill extending from a distal end to a proximal end, for example. The drill may include a housing extending in a longitudinal direction and a rotatable drive shaft including a first drive end disposed at the proximal end of the drill that is configured for coupling to a driver, for example. The rotatable drive shaft may have a main shaft portion extending in the longitudinal direction through the housing between the first drive end and a second drive end, for example. The drill may include an angled tip region defining the distal end of the drill, and the angled tip region may include a drill bit coupler configured to receive a drill bit and orient the drill bit in an angled direction with respect to the longitudinal direction thereby defining a drilling axis of the drill bit, for example. The drill may include a mechanism configured to transfer a rotational force applied to the first drive end through the second drive end and drill bit coupler, and a sleeve radially disposed at a distal end of the angled tip region and configured to radially surround at least a first portion of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler, for example. In various embodiments, in a first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, the sleeve and compressible spring may be configured to surround lateral sidewalls of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler, for example. In various embodiments, in a second mode of operation, the compressible spring may be configured to compress in a direction parallel to the angled direction towards the mechanism thereby exposing a tip of the drill bit for drilling. The method may further include the step of positioning an implant between a superior vertebrae and an inferior vertebrae, for example. The method may further include the step of inserting the sleeve into an aperture of the implant, for example. The method may further include the step of compressing the compressible spring, for example. The method may further include the step of extending the drill bit through a passageway defined by the implant aperture towards the superior vertebrae or the inferior vertebrae, for example. The method may further include the step of drilling a boney surface of the superior vertebrae or the inferior vertebrae through the passageway of the implant aperture.

The details of one or more aspects of the disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the techniques described in this disclosure will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example drill in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a side view of an example drill in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a magnified view of the tip portion of an example drill in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4A is a top down view of a flushing portion of an example drill in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4B is a top down view of a flushing portion of an example drill with partially removed parts for ease of understanding in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a side view of a gear mechanism in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6A is a top view of a gear mechanism in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6B is a bottom view of a gear mechanism in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a gear mechanism in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a portion of a gear mechanism and a drill bit in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a portion of a gear mechanism and an aperture for receiving a drill bit in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a side view of an example drill coupled to a powered driver in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a side view of an example drill coupled to a manual hand driver in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a side view of an example drill engaged with an aperture of an implant in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13A is a perspective view of an example implant having conically shaped apertures for seating a tip of a drill in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13B is an alternate perspective view of an example implant having conically shaped apertures for seating a tip of a drill in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an example medical device that includes bone screw apertures that example drills of the present disclosure may progressively drive a bone screw through; and

FIG. 15 is an example method of operation of a medical device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As used herein, standard anatomical terms of location have their ordinary meaning as they would be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art unless clearly defined or explained otherwise. It should be understood that various aspects disclosed herein may be combined in different combinations than the combinations specifically presented in the description and accompanying drawings. For example, characteristics of one embodiment may be combined or substituted with characteristics of another different embodiment unless those characteristics are clearly explained as being mutually exclusive. It should also be understood that, depending on the example, certain acts or events of any of the processes or methods described herein may be performed in a different sequence, may be added, merged, or left out altogether (e.g., all described acts or events may not be necessary to carry out the disclosed techniques and methods). In addition, while certain aspects of this disclosure are described as being performed by a single module, unit, or component for purposes of clarity, it should be understood that the techniques of this disclosure may be performed by a combination of units, modules, or components associated with, for example, a medical device such as a drill.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to a drill that is optimized for a medical setting and various types of surgical techniques, including anterior surgical techniques, lateral surgical techniques, and oblique surgical techniques. In some embodiments, a drill may be optimized to secure a spinal implant between adjacent vertebrae by securing at least one complimentary bone screw to the spinal implant and into an adjacent vertebrae. In some embodiments, and as mentioned above, the present disclosure may be employed in conjunction with spinal implants to treat spinal disorders such as, for example, degenerative disc disease, disc herniation, osteoporosis, spondylolisthesis, stenosis, scoliosis and other curvature abnormalities, kyphosis, tumor and fractures. In some embodiments, the present disclosure may be employed with other osteal and bone related applications, including those associated with diagnostics and therapeutics.

In some embodiments, the disclosed example drills may be alternatively employed in a surgical treatment with a patient in a prone or supine position, and/or employ various surgical approaches to the spine, including anterior, posterior, posterior mid-line, direct lateral, postero-lateral oblique, and/or antero lateral oblique approaches, and in other body regions. The present disclosure may also be alternatively employed with procedures for treating the lumbar, cervical, thoracic, sacral and pelvic regions of a spinal column. The drill of the present disclosure may also be used on animals, bone models and other non-living substrates, such as, for example, in training, testing and demonstration.

The present disclosure may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of the embodiments taken in connection with the accompanying drawing figures, which form a part of this disclosure. It is to be understood that this application is not limited to the specific devices, methods, conditions or parameters described and/or shown herein, and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting. In some embodiments, as used in the specification and including the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural, and reference to a particular numerical value includes at least that particular value, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” or “approximately” one particular value and/or to “about” or “approximately” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value and all numerical values therebetween. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It is also understood that all spatial references, such as, for example, horizontal, vertical, top, upper, lower, bottom, left and right, are for illustrative purposes only and can be varied within the scope of the disclosure. For example, the references “upper” and “lower” are relative and used only in the context to the other, and are not necessarily “superior” and “inferior.” Generally, similar spatial references of different aspects or components, e.g., a “proximal end” of one component and a “proximal end” of a different component, indicate similar spatial orientation and/or positioning, i.e., that each “proximal end” is situated on or directed towards the same end of the device. Further, the use of various spatial terminology herein should not be interpreted to limit the various insertion techniques or orientations of the implant relative to the positions in the spine.

As used in the specification and including the appended claims, “treating” or “treatment” of a disease or condition refers to performing a procedure that may include administering one or more drugs, biologics, bone grafts (including allograft, autograft, xenograft, for example) or bone-growth promoting materials to a patient (human, normal or otherwise or other mammal), employing implantable devices, and/or employing instruments that treat the disease, such as, for example, micro-discectomy instruments used to remove portions bulging or herniated discs and/or bone spurs, in an effort to alleviate signs or symptoms of the disease or condition. Alleviation can occur prior to signs or symptoms of the disease or condition appearing, as well as after their appearance. Thus, treating or treatment includes preventing or prevention of disease or undesirable condition (e.g., preventing the disease from occurring in a patient, who may be predisposed to the disease but has not yet been diagnosed as having it). In addition, treating or treatment does not require complete alleviation of signs or symptoms, does not require a cure, and specifically includes procedures that have only a marginal effect on the patient. Treatment can include inhibiting the disease, e.g., arresting its development, or relieving the disease, e.g., causing regression of the disease. For example, treatment can include reducing acute or chronic inflammation; alleviating pain and mitigating and inducing re-growth of new ligament, bone and other tissues; as an adjunct in surgery; and/or any repair procedure. Also, as used in the specification and including the appended claims, the term “tissue” includes soft tissue, ligaments, tendons, cartilage and/or bone unless specifically referred to otherwise.

The components of disclosed embodiments described herein can be fabricated from biologically acceptable materials suitable for medical applications, including metals, synthetic polymers, ceramics and bone material and/or their composites. For example, the components of disclosed drills and bone screws, individually or collectively, can be fabricated from materials such as stainless steel alloys, commercially pure titanium, titanium alloys, Grade 5 titanium, super-elastic titanium alloys, cobalt-chrome alloys, stainless steel alloys, superelastic metallic alloys (e.g., Nitinol, super elasto-plastic metals, such as GUM METAL®), ceramics and composites thereof such as calcium phosphate (e.g., SKELITE™), thermoplastics such as polyaryletherketone (PAEK) including polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) and polyetherketone (PEK), carbon-PEEK composites, PEEK-BaSO4 polymeric rubbers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), fabric, silicone, polyurethane, silicone-polyurethane copolymers, polymeric rubbers, polyolefin rubbers, hydrogels, semi-rigid and rigid materials, elastomers, rubbers, thermoplastic elastomers, thermoset elastomers, elastomeric composites, rigid polymers including polyphenylene, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyethylene, epoxy, bone material including autograft, allograft, xenograft or transgenic cortical and/or corticocancellous bone, and tissue growth or differentiation factors, partially resorbable materials, such as, for example, composites of metals and calcium-based ceramics, composites of PEEK and calcium based ceramics, composites of PEEK with resorbable polymers, totally resorbable materials, such as, for example, calcium based ceramics such as calcium phosphate, tri-calcium phosphate (TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA)-TCP, calcium sulfate, or other resorbable polymers such as polyaetide, polyglycolide, polytyrosine carbonate, polycaprolactone and their combinations.

Various components of disclosed embodiments may be formed or constructed of material composites, including but not limited to the above-described materials, to achieve various desired characteristics such as strength, rigidity, elasticity, compliance, biomechanical performance, durability and radiolucency or imaging preference. The components of expandable spinal implant system, individually or collectively, may also be fabricated from a heterogeneous material such as a combination of two or more of the above-described materials. The components of disclosed embodiments may be monolithically formed, integrally connected or include fastening elements and/or instruments, as described herein. For example, in some embodiments components comprising PEEK and/or titanium structures with radiolucent markers (such as tantalum pins and/or spikes) may be selectively placed on a drill, a drill bit, or a spinal implant, for example. In various embodiments, a drill is configured to bore into an adjacent vertebrae to provide a medical practitioner with a pilot hole or passageway for placement and/or sizing information to assist a surgeon with driving a a corresponding bone screw. The components of disclosed embodiments may be formed using a variety of subtractive and additive manufacturing techniques, including, but not limited to machining, milling, extruding, molding, 3D-printing, sintering, coating, vapor deposition, and laser/beam melting. Furthermore, various components of the expandable spinal implant system may be coated or treated with a variety of additives or coatings to improve biocompatibility, bone growth promotion or other features. For example, disclosed bone screws, may be selectively coated with bone growth promoting or bone ongrowth promoting surface treatments that may include, but are not limited to: titanium coatings (solid, porous or textured), hydroxyapatite coatings, or titanium plates (solid, porous or textured).

Referring generally to FIGS. 1-4B an example drill 100 is illustrated. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example drill 100 and FIG. 2 is a side view of the example drill 100. Drill 100 may include a proximal end 100 a and a distal end 100 b. Drill 100 may also include a drive shaft 102, a positioning handle 104, a tip portion 106, a spring 107, a sleeve 108, and a housing 110, among other things. Drive shaft 102 may be configured to connect and disconnect with various types of drivers including manually operated handles and mechanically powered drive means that may be of a ratcheting or non-ratcheting type and which will be discussed in further detail below (see, e.g., FIGS. 10-11). For example, drive shaft 102 may include a drive end 102 a and a main drive shaft portion 102 b extending in a longitudinal direction through a housing 110. Drive end 102 a may comprise a variety of drive interfaces for coupling and uncoupling with various manually operated ratcheting handles and powered drivers, for example. Drive shaft 102 may freely rotate inside of housing 110 to transfer rotational force applied at the drive end 102 a at proximal end 100 a to drive end 102 c at distal end 100 b, for example. Positioning handle 104 may be securely held in place while drive shaft 102 freely rotates within housing 110. Positioning handle 104 may be configured to assist with maintaining and controlling the drill 100, e.g., in view of torque transmitted through drive shaft and the corresponding resultant return forces. At least one advantage of positioning handle 104 is that a surgeon may have greater control maintaining drill 100 in a desired position while drilling a passageway (e.g., a pilot hole) for a bone screw 200 (see FIG. 14). For example, when drilling a passageway for a bone screw into the anatomy of a patient a return force may apply a rotational force against the drill 100 and a surgeon may be able to maintain the drill 100 in the desired position, for example.

FIG. 3 is a magnified view of the tip portion 106 of an example drill 100 in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. Tip portion 106 may be angled at a degree β (Beta) with respect to a longitudinal direction of housing 110 and/or drive shaft 102. In various embodiments, tip portion 106 may extend in a direction that defines a drilling axis (rotation axis) of drill bit 109. In some embodiments, tip portion 106 is angled such that the degree β corresponds to the ultimate desired angle of a passageway for receiving a bone screw 200. In some embodiments, the degree β corresponds to an inclination of a bone screw aperture 1001 of a medical plate or medical device, e.g., medical device 1000 is a spinal implant including at least one bone screw aperture 1001 (see FIG. 23). In various embodiments, the tip portion 106 is angled to facilitate drilling of a passageway through a void space of a bone screw aperture 1001 of a spinal implant from a posterior approach while a patient is lying in a prone position, for example. Other surgical approaches, such as anterior, lateral, and/or posterior lateral approaches are also contemplated and may comprise adjustments to the degree β (Beta).

In various embodiments, tip portion 106 may be inclined about 20°-60°, more particularly about 30°-50°, and even more particularly about 40°-45°, with respect to a longitudinal direction of housing 110. However, it shall be understood that tip portion 106 may be angled at any degree β. Similarly, bone screw apertures 1001 may be angled at any degree with respect to endplates 1010, 1020 and tip portion 106 may be angled at a corresponding degree β to facilitate the installation of bone screw 200 therein (see FIG. 14). This angled arrangement may be advantageous for driving bone screw 200 while medical device 1000 is positioned between adjacent vertebral bodies. Furthermore, this angled arrangement may be advantageous to avoid anatomical landmarks and features such as the pelvic ring, rib cage, and iliac crest, of a patient, for example.

FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an example drill 100 that may include a flushing hole 112 having a flushing path to clean, lubricate, and/or inspect the components of tip portion 106. For example, as shown in FIG. 4A a flushing hole 112 is shown, and in FIG. 4B a cover 112 a is removed to illustrate the flushing path. Flushing hole 112 may be advantageous for cleaning the interior orifices of tip portion 106. Also shown in FIG. 4A is sleeve 108 which is a protective sleeve having a conical shape that surrounds drill bit 109. For example, sleeve 108 may cover or surround drill bit 109 such that adjacent patient tissue is protected from drill bit 109.

Sleeve 108 may be composed of elastomeric materials, thermoplastic materials, metallic materials, and various combinations thereof. In one embodiment, sleeve 108 is composed of an elastomeric material to provide flexibility and a high coefficient of friction for engaging and/or being seated within a bone screw aperture 1001, for example. In an alternate embodiment, sleeve 108 is composed of metallic material, e.g., stainless steel and/or titanium. In another embodiment, sleeve 108 is composed of thermoplastic material, e.g., Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and/or other organic thermoplastic polymers in, e.g., the polyaryletherketone (PAEK) family. In another embodiment, sleeve 108 is composed of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), also referred to as Radel by those with skill in the art. In another embodiment, sleeve 108 is composed of various combinations of the above enumerated materials. However, it shall be understood that the above enumerated materials are examples, and they shall not be construed as limiting.

Referring generally to FIGS. 5-6B, operative characteristics of an example drill 100 will be explained. FIG. 5 illustrates a tip portion 106 (also referred to as an angled tip region) with a sleeve 108 and housing 110 removed for ease of explanation. In FIG. 5, it is shown that a spring 107 generally surrounds drill bit 109. Spring 107 may be a compressible spring, a helical spring, a coil spring, of the like. In at least one embodiment, spring 107 takes the form of a compressible material such as rubber or foam. In some embodiments, spring 107 is covered by a protective cover to prevent debris and other foreign matter from entering in between the coils. In operation, a surgeon may press a proximal most end of sleeve 108 within a bone screw aperture 1001, or alternatively against a surface to be drilled. In doing so, spring 107 may compress (shown by double sided arrows) and drill bit 109 may extend out of sleeve 108 (beyond sleeve 108). For example, drill bit 109 is rigidly secured to drill 100 and sleeve 108 and spring 107 are movable with respect to drill bit 109. At least one advantage of this arrangement, is that drill bit 109 may be protected and/or covered by sleeve 108 while drill bit 109 advances into a surface to be drilled and/or through bone screw aperture 1001. For example, lateral sidewall surfaces of drill bit 109 are continuously protected from adjacent structures such as tissue while drill bit 109 continues to advance through sleeve 108 and into a boney structure.

Consistent with the disclosure herein, drill 100 may be understood as operating in various modes of operation. For example, a protected mode of operation and a drilling mode of operation. For example still, in a first mode of operation where the spring 107 is in a neutral position (non compressed position) the sleeve 108 and spring 107 cover and/or surround the lateral sidewalls of the drill bit 109, for example. In a second mode of operation where the spring 107 is in a compressed or partially compressed position due to the sleeve 108 acting against a bearing or retaining surface, the spring 107 may be compressed in a direction parallel to an extension direction of drill bit 109, for example. The extension direction of drill bit 109 may be coincident with a rotation axis of the drill bit 109 (drilling axis). Accordingly, in the second mode of operation, and due to the compression of spring 107, drill bit 109 may move through the sleeve 108 thereby exposing a tip of the drill bit 109 for drilling, for example. Additionally, in various embodiments and in the first mode of operation, the sleeve 108 and compressible spring 107 completely surround the lateral sidewalls of the drill bit 109. Furthermore, in various embodiments, and in the first mode of operation, a distal most end of the sleeve 108 extends distally farther than a distal most end of the drill bit 109.

Also as shown in FIGS. 6-6 b, an example gear mechanism 103 may be provided. Gear mechanism 103 may include worm gears, beveled gears, miter gears, planetary gears, sliding gears, helical or spiral gears, gear coupling parts, pawls, having teeth of various sizing and shapes for directing a rotation of the drive shaft 102 to drive end 102 c. For example, applying a rotation force at drive end 102 a may apply an equal or substantially equal rotation force at drill bit 109 because the gear mechanism 103 may redirect the rotation force. As illustrated, gear mechanism 103 may include a first body portion supporting a group of teeth 103 a that are meshed with a second group of teeth 103 b supported by a second body portion. In the example embodiment, the first group of teeth 103 a includes fourth teeth and the second group of teeth 103 b includes four teeth although the total number of teeth may be more or less. Those with skill in the art will readily appreciate that the particular geometry and number of teeth 103 a, 103 b may be modified to accommodate any particular angle β (see FIG. 3). Additionally, in some embodiments, gear mechanism 103 may be designed to provide a mechanical advantage, such increasing or lowering the speed of rotation. For example, when a ratio of teeth sizing of teeth 103 a, 103 b is inferior or superior with respect to the other.

As illustrated in FIG. 7, a cross sectional view of spring 107, sleeve 108, drill bit 109, and gear mechanism 103 is illustrated. In the cross sectional view, it is shown how drill bit 109 may rotate due to teeth 103 a being meshed with teeth 103 b while also being protected by spring 107 and sleeve 108. As illustrated in FIG. 8, drill bit 109 may be coupled to an opposite side of the second body portion supporting teeth 103 b, for example. As illustrated in FIG. 9, a drill bit coupler 111 may comprise the second body portion and may include a drill bit aperture 109 a configured to receive a coupling end 109 b of drill bit 109 on one end and teeth 103 b on an opposite end. In some embodiments, the drill bit coupler 111 may include an extension shaft (not illustrated). The drill bit aperture 109 a and coupling end 109 b of drill bit 109 may correspond in size and shape to one another. For example, drill bit aperture 109 a and coupling end 109 b may have a hex, hexalobular, square, star, torx, prismoidal, polygonal, etc. shape dimensioned such that coupling end 109 b may be seated firmly within drill bit aperture 109 a.

In an alternate embodiment, drill 100 may include a joint mechanism in lieu of gear mechanism 103 (not illustrated). For example, although not illustrated herein, the parent application from which this application is a continuation in part of, illustrates a joint mechanism 105 that may be substituted with gear mechanism 103. For example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/123,906, discloses a joint mechanism 105 at FIG. 17 that may be operable/drivable via drive shaft 102 in the same, similar, or substantially the same way as gear mechanism 103 as explained above. The disclosure of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/123,906 is incorporated herein in its entirety.

In an alternate embodiment, drill 100 may include a flexible shaft that may bend through the angled tip region in lieu of gear mechanism 103 and/or the joint mechanism as described above. For example, a flexible shaft mechanism may extend from the distal end 100 a to the angled tip region 106 where a drill bit 109 may be coupled to a distal end of the flexible shaft. For example still, the flexible shaft mechanism may comprise a first drive end 102 a and a second drive end 102 b comprising a drill bit coupler 111 or the like.

The described flexible shaft mechanism can be formed of an elastomeric and/or metallic material for example. In embodiments including metallic materials the flexible shaft mechanism may comprise an undulating pattern of transverse cuts or seams across the width of the flexible shaft mechanism that form flexible indentations enabling the flexibility of the described flexible shaft. For example, an undulating dove tail pattern, c-shaped pattern, webbed pattern, etc. For example still, the flexible shaft may be formed with a plurality of successive and organized cuts making the shaft flexible laterally although still strong in tension and sufficient to apply rotational forces to drill bit 109 similarly as explained herein. In at least one embodiment, the flexible shaft mechanism can be made of an assembly of springs. Additionally, the flexible shaft mechanism may extend longitudinally through housing 110 of drill 100 until a region approximately corresponding with drill bit coupler 111 and may include a drill bit coupler 111 and/or a similar aperture for receiving a drill bit 109 such as aperture 109 a, for example.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example drill 100 operably coupled to a powered driver 400 in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. Powered driver 400 may be powered by any means, e.g., electrically operated or pneumatically operated. At least one example powered drill is the POWEREASE™ System sold by Medtronic and/or the powered rotary-type handpiece described in U.S. Pat. No. 10,456,122, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example drill 100 operably coupled to a manual hand driver 300 in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. Hand driver 300 may selectively couple and uncouple with drive end 102 a of drive shaft 102. At least one example of a manual hand driver 300 may be the commercially available QC handle sold by Medtronic of Minneapolis Minn. In various surgical techniques, a manual hand driver 300 as illustrated may be advantageous for performing gentle drilling, cleaning, excavation, and/or boring of a relatively soft or damaged bone, for example.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example drill 100 seated within a bone screw aperture 1001 of an implant 1000. As illustrated, a conically shaped sleeve 108 is seated within a corresponding conically shaped bone screw aperture 1002 of implant 1000, for example. For example, bone screw aperture 1002 may taper at the same or similar extend as sleeve 108 may taper and/or bone screw aperture 1002 may have a the same, similar, or substantially the same cross sectional dimensions. Drill 100 may be firmly pressed towards implant 1000 such that spring 107 is fully compressed thereby enabling drill bit 109 to extend through bone screw aperture 1001 beyond a bottom surface of a bottom endplate of implant 1000. FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate an alternate implant 1000 having four conically tapered bone screw apertures 1001. FIG. 14 illustrates an example implant 1000 with four bone screws 200 extending through bone screw apertures 1001 illustrating that after drill bit 109 has bored various passageways within a boney structure the bone screws 200 may be installed in the same target trajectory.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example method in accordance with the principles of the above disclosure. The method may be implemented with various drill 100 embodiments disclosed hereinabove, for example. In practice, at step 1510 an end user such as a surgeon may position an implant between adjacent vertebral bodies. The end user may expand the implant such that it is relatively firmly positioned between the two vertebral bodies (e.g., a superior vertebral body and an inferior vertebral body). At step 1520, the end user may be provided with a protected drill as disclosed herein and insert a conically tapered protective sleeve portion into a bone screw aperture of the implant. At step 1530, the end user may firmly press the drill against the implant thereby compressing a protective spring of the drill. At step 1540, and due in part to the compression performed at step 1530, a drill bit may extend through the protective sleeve and through the implant aperture. Thereafter, at step 1550, the end user may operably rotate a drive shaft of the drill and begin to drill a passageway into a boney surface, for example. In some embodiments, the bone screw aperture may be angled relative to the implant and/or surfaces of the adjacent boney structure. In those embodiments, due to the conically tapered sleeve portion being seated in an angled bone screw aperture, the passageway may be drilled at an angle that corresponds to the angle of the bone screw aperture. For example, the passageway and bone screw aperture may have the same, similar, or substantially the same angle as measured with respect to the implant and/or boney surface. At step 1560, the end user may install a bone screw through the bone screw aperture and into the previously drilled passageway at a predefined angle. Furthermore, an end user may, for example, utilize the screwdriver and bone screws disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/123,906, titled Screwdriver and Complimentary Screws, filed Dec. 16, 2020, of which this application is a continuation in part of, in conjunction with or as part of a method or system for providing a drilled passage for use with bone screws and a bone screw driver such as that disclosed. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A drill extending from a distal end to a proximal end, comprising: a housing extending in a longitudinal direction; a rotatable drive shaft including a first drive end disposed at the proximal end of the drill and being configured for coupling to a driver, the rotatable drive shaft having a main shaft portion extending in the longitudinal direction through the housing between the first drive end and a second drive end; an angled tip region defining the distal end of the drill, the angled tip region comprising a drill bit coupler configured to receive a drill bit and orient the drill bit in an angled direction with respect to the longitudinal direction thereby defining a drilling axis of the drill bit; a mechanism configured to transfer a rotational force applied to the first drive end through the second drive end and drill bit coupler; and a sleeve radially disposed at a distal end of the angled tip region and configured to radially surround at least a first portion of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler.
 2. The drill of claim 1, further comprising a positioning handle coupled to and disposed at a medial portion of the housing.
 3. The drill of claim 2, wherein the positioning handle is angled with respect to the longitudinal direction and extends towards the proximal end of the drill.
 4. The drill of claim 1, wherein the sleeve comprises a conically tapered shape.
 5. The drill of claim 1, wherein the angled tip region further comprises a compressible spring contacting the sleeve and configured to bias the sleeve in the angled direction, wherein the compressible spring is configured to surround at least a second portion of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler.
 6. The drill of claim 5, wherein, in a first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, the sleeve and compressible spring are configured to surround lateral sidewalls of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler.
 7. The drill of claim 6, wherein, in a second mode of operation, the compressible spring is configured to compress in a direction parallel to the angled direction towards the mechanism.
 8. The drill of claim 6, wherein, in a second mode of operation, the compressible spring is configured to compress in a direction parallel to the angled direction towards the mechanism thereby exposing a tip of the drill bit for drilling.
 9. The drill of claim 8, wherein, in the first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, the sleeve and compressible spring completely surround the lateral sidewalls of the drill.
 10. The drill of claim 9, wherein, in the first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, a distal most end of the sleeve extends beyond a distal most end of the drill bit.
 11. The drill of claim 10, further comprising a flushing hole adjacent the angled tip region and including a flushing path to the mechanism.
 12. The drill of claim 1, wherein the mechanism is a geared mechanism further comprising: a first group of teeth disposed proximate the second drive end; and a second group of teeth meshed with the first group of teeth and extending in a direction parallel with respect to the angled tip portion, wherein the first group of teeth are meshed with the second group of teeth to thereby transfer a rotational force applied at the first drive end to the drill bit coupler.
 13. The drill of claim 1, wherein said driver comprises a manual hand driver configured to operably couple with the first drive end of the drive shaft.
 14. The drill of claim 1, wherein said driver comprises a powered driver configured to operably couple with the first drive end of the drive shaft.
 15. A drill extending from a distal end to a proximal end, comprising: a housing extending in a longitudinal direction; a rotatable drive shaft including a first drive end disposed at the proximal end of the drill and being configured for coupling to a driver, the rotatable drive shaft having a main shaft portion extending in the longitudinal direction through the housing between the first drive end and a second drive end; an angled tip region defining the distal end of the drill, the angled tip region comprising a drill bit coupler configured to receive a drill bit and orient the drill bit in an angled direction with respect to the longitudinal direction thereby defining a drilling axis of the drill bit; a mechanism configured to transfer a rotational force applied to the first drive end through the second drive end and drill bit coupler; and a sleeve radially disposed at a distal end of the angled tip region and configured to radially surround at least a first portion of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler wherein: in a first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, the sleeve and compressible spring are configured to surround lateral sidewalls of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler, and in a second mode of operation, the compressible spring is configured to compress in a direction parallel to the angled direction towards the mechanism thereby exposing a tip of the drill bit for drilling.
 16. The drill of claim 15, wherein, in the first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, the sleeve and compressible spring completely surround the lateral sidewalls of the drill.
 17. The drill of claim 15, wherein, in the first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, a distal most end of the sleeve extends beyond a distal most end of the drill bit.
 18. The drill of claim 15, further comprising a flushing hole adjacent the angled tip region and including a flushing path to the mechanism.
 19. The drill of claim 15, wherein the mechanism is a geared mechanism further comprising: a first group of teeth disposed proximate the second drive end; and a second group of teeth meshed with the first group of teeth and extending in a direction parallel with respect to the angled tip portion, wherein the first group of teeth are meshed with the second group of teeth to thereby transfer a rotational force applied at the first drive end to the drill bit coupler.
 20. A drilling method, comprising: providing a drill extending from a proximal end to a distal end comprising: a housing extending in a longitudinal direction; a rotatable drive shaft including a first drive end disposed at the proximal end of the drill and being configured for coupling to a driver, the rotatable drive shaft having a main shaft portion extending in the longitudinal direction through the housing between the first drive end and a second drive end; an angled tip region defining the distal end of the drill, the angled tip region comprising a drill bit coupler configured to receive a drill bit and orient the drill bit in an angled direction with respect to the longitudinal direction thereby defining a drilling axis of the drill bit; a mechanism configured to transfer a rotational force applied to the first drive end through the second drive end and drill bit coupler; and a sleeve radially disposed at a distal end of the angled tip region and configured to radially surround at least a first portion of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler wherein: in a first mode of operation where the spring is in a neutral position, the sleeve and compressible spring are configured to surround lateral sidewalls of the drill bit when received in the drill bit coupler, and in a second mode of operation, the compressible spring is configured to compress in a direction parallel to the angled direction towards the mechanism thereby exposing a tip of the drill bit for drilling; positioning an implant between a superior vertebrae and an inferior vertebrae; inserting the sleeve into an aperture of the implant; compressing the compressible spring; extending the drill bit through a passageway defined by the implant aperture towards the superior vertebrae or the inferior vertebrae; and drilling a boney surface of the superior vertebrae or the inferior vertebrae through the passageway of the implant aperture. 